Health psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how psychological, behavioral and social factors influence physical health, illness and healthcare, using a biopsychosocial model that treats health as the joint product of biological, psychological and social processes rather than biology alone.
Facts
Disputed
Key DebateWhether mainstream health psychology's focus on individual-level psychological and behavioral factors adequately explains health outcomes, or whether it understates the social determinants of health. Critical health psychologists, working with qualitative methods that center the lived health experience, have critiqued and deconstructed what they see as an excessive individualism in the field's dominant biopsychosocial approach. 1 A named minority tradition within the field (critical health psychology) disputes the individual-level emphasis of the mainstream approach; the source does not resolve which framing better predicts outcomes. Central QuestionHow do psychological, behavioral and social factors influence physical health, illness and the healthcare system? 1 Level of Analysis Health Psychology
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Associated With
Closely overlapping subfields, both studying the psychological factors in physical health and illness.
Occupational health psychology applies health psychology's framework specifically to workplace settings.
Includes
Source Wikipedia: Bedtime procrastination
Source Caregiver burden (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: General Adaptation Syndrome
Source Health belief model, Wikipedia
Source Joseph Matarazzo (Wikipedia)
Source Judith Rodin (Wikipedia)
Source Pain catastrophizing (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Whitehall Study
Source Wikipedia: Touch starvation
Source White coat hypertension (Wikipedia)
Related Branch
Source Health psychology (Wikipedia)
Related Branches
Source Behavioral medicine (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Clinical psychology
Source Wikipedia: Critical psychology
Source Personality psychology (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Psycho-oncology
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Health Psychology
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
The study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare.
United Kingdom section
Psychologists have been working in medical settings for many years (in the UK sometimes the field was termed medical psychology).
Critical analysis of health policy section
The individualism of mainstream health psychology has been critiqued and deconstructed by critical health psychologists using qualitative methods that zero in on the health experience.
2. Health psychology (Wikipedia)
Lead
how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness
Related Branch: Occupational Health Psychology, Article text
Although its early beginnings can be traced to the field of clinical psychology, four different divisions within health psychology and one related field, occupational health psychology (OHP), have developed over time.
View the SourceWikipedia: General Adaptation Syndrome
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Hans Selye, Origin of stress term sectionQuote, Includes: Hans Selye, Origin of stress term section
The current usage of the word stress arose out of Hans Selye's 1930s experiments.
View the Source Wikipedia: Whitehall Study
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: The Whitehall Studies, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: The Whitehall Studies, Lead sentence
The Whitehall Studies investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality rates among British civil servants.
View the Source Nocebo, Wikipedia
Includes: Nocebo Effect, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Nocebo Effect, Lead sentence
A nocebo effect is said to occur when a patient's expectations for a treatment cause the treatment to have a worse effect than it otherwise would have.
View the Source Caregiver burden (Wikipedia)
Includes: Caregiver Burden, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Caregiver Burden, Lead sentence
Caregiver burden, also called caregiver burnout, refers to the sum of physical, emotional, social, and financial difficulties experienced by unpaid caregivers due to providing care for a family member or a friend.
View the Source Pain catastrophizing (Wikipedia)
Includes: Pain Catastrophizing, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Pain Catastrophizing, Lead sentence
Pain catastrophizing is the tendency to describe a pain experience in more exaggerated terms than the average person, to ruminate on it more (e.g., "I kept thinking 'this is terrible'"), and/or to feel more helpless about the experience ("I thought it was never going to get better").
View the Source White coat hypertension (Wikipedia)
Includes: White Coat Hypertension, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: White Coat Hypertension, Lead sentence
White coat hypertension (WHT), also known as white coat syndrome, is a form of labile hypertension in which people exhibit a blood pressure level above the normal range in a clinical setting, although they do not exhibit it in other settings.
View the Source Wikipedia: Bedtime procrastination
Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Bedtime Procrastination, Lead sentenceQuote, Includes: Bedtime Procrastination, Lead sentence
Bedtime procrastination is a psychological phenomenon that involves voluntarily delaying going to bed despite the risk of foreseeable consequences the following day, such as fatigue.
View the Source Wikipedia: Clinical psychology
WikipediaRelated Branches: Clinical Psychology, Article textQuote, Related Branches: Clinical Psychology, Article text
One important field is health psychology, the fastest-growing employment setting for clinical psychologists in the past decade.
View the Source Personality psychology (Wikipedia)
Related Branches: Personality Psychology, Article textQuote, Related Branches: Personality Psychology, Article text
Health psychology, which studies how individuals engage with and self-conceptualize their health, has been influenced by the Type A and Type B personality theories, which reveal how personality traits can impact cardiovascular health.
View the Source Behavioral medicine (Wikipedia)
Related Branches: Behavioral Medicine, Article textQuote, Related Branches: Behavioral Medicine, Article text
The practice of behavioral medicine encompasses health psychology, but also includes applied psychophysiological therapies such as biofeedback, hypnosis, and bio-behavioral therapy of physical disorders, aspects of occupational therapy, rehabilitation medicine, and physiatry, as well as preventive medicine.
View the Source Wikipedia: Critical psychology
Wikimedia FoundationRelated Branches: Critical Psychology, Article textQuote, Related Branches: Critical Psychology, Article text
Central themes of critical psychology is the concept of “oppression” and “emancipation”. Critical psychology reflects not only on the connection of mainstream psychology with power, but also work toward emancipation (or liberation).
View the Source Wikipedia: Psycho-oncology
Wikimedia FoundationRelated Branches: Psycho-Oncology, Article textQuote, Related Branches: Psycho-Oncology, Article text
Research in the broader field of Health Psychology has revealed significant influences of social support on the psychological well-being of individuals as well as associations with disease processes, particularly in cardiovascular disease.
View the Source Health belief model, Wikipedia
Includes: Health Belief Model, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Health Belief Model, Lead section
In social psychology, the health belief model (HBM) is a psychological framework used to explain and predict individuals' potentially detrimental behaviors, attitudes and beliefs on their health.
View the Source Wikipedia: Touch starvation
Includes: Touch Starvation, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Touch Starvation, Lead section
Touch starvation, also known as touch deprivation or skin hunger, is the physiological need by humans and other species for physical contact with their own species or other living beings.
View the Source Joseph Matarazzo (Wikipedia)
Includes: Joseph Matarazzo, LeadQuote, Includes: Joseph Matarazzo, Lead
He chaired the first medical psychology department in the United States and has been credited with much of the early work in health psychology.
View the Source Judith Rodin (Wikipedia)
Includes: Judith Rodin, LeadQuote, Includes: Judith Rodin, Lead
She is known for her significant contributions to the fields of behavioral medicine and health psychology, higher education, and philanthropy, as well as championing the concepts of impact investing and resilience.
View the Source Dissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)
Key Debate
Marks (2011) argues mainstream health psychology's biopsychosocial model still centers the individual as the unit of explanation and intervention, and that this individualism understates the social and economic determinants of health, the conditions within and between regions and nations that shape illness independent of any one person's behavior or psychology. Critical health psychology, working with qualitative methods that foreground the lived health experience, positions itself as a corrective to that individualist framing rather than a rejection of the biopsychosocial model outright.
A dissenting reading, from D.F. MarksWikipedia: Health Psychology, Wikimedia Foundation
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