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Psychological Phenomena

True-Believer Syndrome

Confirmation and Motivated-Reasoning Biases

True-believer syndrome is an informal, rhetorical term coined by M. Lamar Keene in his 1976 book The Psychic Mafia to describe people who go on believing in a paranormal event even after it has been thoroughly debunked or shown to have been staged. Keene treated it as a kind of cognitive disorder and considered it a key reason for the success of many psychic mediums; the underlying phrase true believer had already been used by Eric Hoffer in his 1951 book The True Believer to describe the psychological roots of fanatical groups. True-believer syndrome can be understood as a form of belief perseverance specifically applied to paranormal claims.

Facts
Core Claim
Continued belief in a paranormal phenomenon or event even after it has been debunked or proven to have been staged. 1
First Described Year
1976 1
Classification
Type of Phenomenon
Cognitive Phenomenon 1
Sources
1. True-believer syndrome, Wikipedia
  • Lead section, second sentence
    He began using the term to refer to people who continued to believe in a paranormal phenomenon or event, even after it had successfully been debunked or proven to have been staged.
  • Lead section, first sentence
    True-believer syndrome is an informal or rhetorical term coined by M. Lamar Keene in his 1976 book The Psychic Mafia.
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