Psychology Atlas

How The Mind Works
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Psychological Phenomena

Self-Reference Effect

Memory Biases and Effects

The self-reference effect is the tendency for people to encode and later recall information more effectively when that information is presented in a way that relates to themselves, compared with information that carries no personal connection. Experiments asking participants to judge whether a piece of information applies to them, rather than simply to memorize it, have consistently found improved recall for the self-referenced material.

Facts
Core Claim
People encode and later recall information more effectively when it is presented in a way that relates to themselves, compared with information carrying no personal connection. 1
First Described Year
1977 1
Classification
Type of Phenomenon
Cognitive Phenomenon 1
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Self-reference effect
Wikimedia Foundation
  • lead section
    The self-reference effect is a tendency for people to encode information differently depending on whether they are implicated in the information.
  • Research section
    Rogers, Kuiper, and Kirker (1977) performed one of the first studies examining the self-reference effect making it a foundational article.
  • lead section, phenomenon-kind classification
    The self-reference effect is a tendency for people to encode information differently depending on whether they are implicated in the information.
View the Source
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.