Maslow's hierarchy of needs organizes human motivation into physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization needs, with lower needs generally, though not rigidly, taking priority over higher ones. Maslow stressed flexibility rather than strict sequencing, and later added a level of transcendence needs above self-actualization.
Facts
Core ClaimHuman motivation is organized into a hierarchy of needs, physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization, that generally, though not rigidly, build on each other. 1 Evidence Standing Hierarchy of Needs
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ERG theory explicitly built upon Maslow's hierarchy of needs, recategorizing its five levels into three (existence, relatedness, growth).
Source Wikipedia: ERG Theory
Associated With
Theory X and Theory Y share motivation-theory roots with Maslow's hierarchy of needs rather than one directly extending the other.
Source Wikipedia: Theory X and Theory Y
Belongs To School
Source OpenStax: Psychology 2e: 11.5 Humanistic Approaches
Developed By
Source Abraham Maslow
In Branch
Open Questions
Source Maslow%27s hierarchy of needs
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Also in Education Atlas: which uses this subject.
Source Hierarchy of Needs (Wikipedia)Article textQuote, Article text
The hierarchy of needs remains a popular framework and tool in higher education, business and management training, sociology research, healthcare, counselling and social work.
Sources
1. Maslow%27s hierarchy of needs
Wikimedia Foundationintroduction
a conceptualization of the needs (or goals) that motivate human behaviour
body text
Maslow stressed that a need does not require being satisfied 100% before the next need emerges
Historical development section
Maslow proposed his hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review.
2. Hierarchy of Needs (Wikipedia)
Article textQuote, Article text
Although widely used and researched, the hierarchy of needs has been criticized for its lack of conclusive supporting evidence and its validity remains contested.
Abraham Maslow
Wikimedia FoundationDeveloped By: Abraham Maslow, intro paragraphQuote, Developed By: Abraham Maslow, intro paragraph
created Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Wikipedia: Theory X and Theory Y
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Theory X and Theory Y, IntroductionQuote, Associated With: Theory X and Theory Y, Introduction
McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
Wikipedia: ERG Theory
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: ERG Theory, IntroductionQuote, Associated With: ERG Theory, Introduction
The ERG theory is a theory of human need proposed by Clayton Alderfer, which built upon Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing needs relating to existence, relatedness and growth.
OpenStax: Psychology 2e: 11.5 Humanistic Approaches
OpenStaxBelongs To School: Humanistic Psychology, Page textQuote, Belongs To School: Humanistic Psychology, Page text
When you studied motivation, you learned about one of the best-known humanistic theories, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, in which Maslow proposes that human beings have certain needs in common and that these needs must be met in a certain order.
Open Questions (1 open question)
Does Maslow's hierarchy of needs reflect a genuinely universal structure of human motivation, or is it culturally specific to individualistic Western societies?
Critics note the needs and drives of those in individualistic societies tend to be more self-centered than those in collectivist societies, and a 1976 review found little evidence for the theory's specific ranking of needs, undermining its claim to universality.
What would resolve this Controlled cross-cultural studies directly testing whether need-priority sequencing holds across individualist and collectivist societies.
Cross-cultural psychologyMaslow%27s hierarchy of needs
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