Edward Tolman (1886-1959) was an American psychologist who developed purposive behaviorism, arguing that animals learn flexible knowledge about their environment, formalized in his 1948 concept of the cognitive map, rather than merely acquiring automatic stimulus-response habits. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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BirthplaceWest Newton, Massachusetts 1 Nationality / Culture Defining ContributionDeveloped purposive behaviorism, proposing that animals learn flexible internal knowledge of their environment, formalized as cognitive maps, rather than merely automatic stimulus-response habits. 1 Notable WorkCognitive Maps in Rats and Men (1948) 1 Edward Tolman
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Demonstrated latent learning in rats that learned maze layouts without reinforcement, revealing the learning only once a reward was introduced.
Additional Source Wikipedia: Edward C. TolmanCareer overview section
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Source Wikipedia: Edward C. TolmanLead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia articletier 2Quote, Lead paragraph of the cited Wikipedia article
Edward Chace Tolman (April 14, 1886 – November 19, 1959) was an American psychologist and a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.
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November 19, 1959
Purposive behaviorism section
animals could learn facts about the world that they could subsequently use in a flexible manner
Associated With: Neobehaviorism, Career overview section
Through Tolman's theories and works, he founded what is now a branch of psychology known as purposive behaviorism.
Schools Founded: Purposive Behaviorism, Career section
His major theoretical contributions came in his 1932 book, Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men, and in a series of papers in the Psychological Review, "The determinants of behavior at a choice point" (1938), "Cognitive maps in rats and men" (1948), and "Principles of performance" (1955).
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