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Psychological Phenomena

Thatcher Effect

Perception and Psychophysics Effects

The Thatcher effect is a perceptual phenomenon in which changes made to a face's features, such as inverting the eyes or mouth, are strikingly obvious when the face is viewed right side up but become very difficult to notice once the same face is turned upside down. Created in 1980 by the psychologist Peter Thompson at the University of York, the effect demonstrates that human face recognition depends on specialized processes tuned to upright faces, including the configural relationships between features, processes that break down once a face is rotated 180 degrees.

Facts
Core Claim
Changes to facial features are difficult to detect when a face is upside-down, though obvious in an upright face. 1
First Described Year
1980 1
Classification
Type of Phenomenon
Perceptual Phenomenon 1
Sources
1. Thatcher effect, Wikipedia
  • Lead section
    The Thatcher effect, or Thatcher illusion, is a phenomenon in which changes to facial features are difficult to detect when a face is upside-down, even though the same changes are obvious in an upright face.
  • Creator and timeline
    The effect was originally created in 1980 by Peter Thompson, professor of psychology at the University of York.
  • lead section, phenomenon-kind classification
    The Thatcher effect is a perceptual phenomenon in which changes made to a face's features, such as inverting the eyes or mouth, are strikingly obvious when the face is viewed right side up but become very difficult to notice once the same face is turned upside down.
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