James Mark Baldwin

James Mark Baldwin was an American philosopher and psychologist, born in Columbia, South Carolina in 1861 and died in 1934. He studied at Princeton under the philosopher James McCosh, took his doctorate there in 1889 and worked in Germany with Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. He taught at Lake Forest College, the University of Toronto, Princeton and Johns Hopkins, and was one of the founders of the psychology departments at Princeton and Toronto. At Toronto he set up an experimental psychology laboratory and began studies of infant development, published in Mental Development in the Child and the Race (1894), which later influenced Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. His 1896 article A New Factor in Evolution gave its name to the Baldwin effect in evolutionary biology. With James McKeen Cattell he co-founded Psychological Review, and in a 1903 survey of American psychologists his peers ranked him fifth most important.