Backward conditioning is a classical conditioning procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus is presented immediately before the conditioned stimulus, the reverse of the usual order, and it typically produces an inhibitory association rather than the excitatory response ordinary forward conditioning produces. Because the conditioned stimulus in this arrangement comes to signal the absence of the unconditioned stimulus rather than its arrival, backward conditioning is used by researchers to study inhibitory learning rather than to train a straightforward conditioned response.
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1. Wikipedia: Classical conditioning
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Classical conditioning (also respondent conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food, a puff of air on the eye) is paired with a neutral stimulus (e.g. the sound of a musical triangle).
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