Behavioral Psychology

Behaviorism is a theory of learning that states all behaviors are learned through conditioned interaction with the environment.

Emerging during the mid-20th century, Wolpe's work aligned with the rise of behaviorism in psychology and represented a shift from psychoanalysis.

The theory is still somewhat controversial within behavioral psychology, however.

ACT has been called a "commonly used treatment with empirical support" within the APA-recognized specialty of behavioral and cognitive psychology.

Observational learning is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.

Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control.

The Yerkes-Dodson law is an empirical relationship between arousal and performance, originally developed by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John Dillingham Dodson and published, in 1908, in the Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

A desirable difficulty is a learning task that requires a considerable but desirable amount of effort, thereby improving long-term performance.

The Crespi effect is a behavioural contrast phenomenon observed in classical conditioning in which a conditioned response changes disproportionately to a suddenly changed reinforcement.

In the study of learning and memory, varied practice (also known as variable practice, mixed practice or interleaving) refers to the use of a training schedule that includes frequent changes of task so that the performer is constantly confronting novel instantiations of the to-be-learned information.

Errorless learning was an instructional design introduced by psychologist Charles Ferster in the 1950s as part of his studies on what would make the most effective learning environment.

Extinction in psychology refers to the gradual decrease and possible elimination of a learned behavior.

Shaping is a conditioning paradigm used primarily in the experimental analysis of behavior.

Discrimination learning is defined in psychology as the ability to respond differently to different stimuli.

Behavioral contrast refers to a change in the strength of one response that occurs when the rate of reward of a second response, or of the first response under different conditions, is changed.

In psychology, preparedness is a concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others.

Learned industriousness is a behaviorally rooted theory developed by Robert Eisenberger to explain the differences in general work effort among people of equivalent ability.

Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences.

The law of effect, or Thorndike's law, is a psychology principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not then formulated as such) which states that "responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation." This notion is very similar to that of evolutionary theory, if a certain character trait provides an advantage for reproduction then that trait will persist.

Kenneth Wartinbee Spence (May 6, 1907, January 12, 1967) was a prominent American psychologist known for both his theoretical and experimental contributions to learning theory and motivation.

Holt's psychology was related to the behaviorism of Watson

Unusual for a psychiatrist, Ainslie undertook experimental animal research in operant conditioning, under the guidance of Howard Rachlin.

remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory

a behavioral psychologist, began his career in mathematics and philosophy

known for his contributions to learning theory

Considered one of the justice theories, equity theory was first developed in the 1960s by John Stacey Adams, a workplace and behavioral psychologist, who asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcomes that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and outcomes of others.

Jacob Robert "J.R." Kantor (August 8, 1888, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1984, Chicago, Illinois) was a prominent American psychologist who pioneered a naturalistic system in psychology called interbehavioral psychology or interbehaviorism.