Schools and Movements
Gestalt Psychology
guh-SHTAHLT (German Gestalt, meaning form or configuration)
Also Known As Gestaltism
Cognitive Psychology
Gestalt psychology is a theory of perception emphasizing that psychological phenomena are processed as whole, organized patterns rather than as a sum of individual components, under the maxim that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. It arose as a reaction against structuralism's decomposition of experience into elements. Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler founded it in the early 20th century, with Wertheimer's 1912 publication marking its beginning.
Facts
Central QuestionWhy is perceived experience organized into whole, structured patterns rather than assembled from independent sensory components? 1 Founded Year Still Active Connections
Associated With
Kurt Lewin trained within the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology under Wertheimer and Kohler before extending its holistic, configurational approach from perception into motivation and group behavior as field theory. Lewin himself is not yet a live psychologist entity in this atlas; filed as a gap above rather than left unrecorded.
Held Differently
Gestalt psychology arose as a direct reaction against structuralism, offering a different account of how perception is organized (as wholes) rather than structuralism's decomposition into elemental sensations.
Source Wikipedia: Gestalt psychology
Founded By
Source Wikipedia: Gestalt psychology
Has Member
Source David Katz (psychologist) (Wikipedia)
Source Karl Bühler (Wikipedia)
Source Karl Duncker (Wikipedia)
Source Kurt Koffka (Wikipedia)
In Branch
School Theories
Source Field theory (psychology), Wikipedia
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Gestalt psychology
Wikimedia Foundationlead
emphasizes psychologically processing entire patterns
History section
Wertheimer's publication of these results in 1912 marks the beginning of Gestalt psychology.
Lead section
Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology, and a theory of perception, that emphasizes psychologically processing entire patterns (and "configurations"), not merely individual components of situations or events separately.
Lead section
Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology, and a theory of perception.
Founded By: Max Wertheimer, Origin and history section
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler founded Gestalt psychology in the early 20th century.
Associated With: Structuralism, History/Overview section
psychological phenomena as organized, structured wholes
2. OpenStax: Psychology 2e: 1.2 History of Psychology
OpenStaxSection 1.2
Structuralism, Freud, and the Gestalt psychologists were all concerned in one way or another with describing and understanding inner experience.
Section: Gestalt psychology
Despite these issues, several Gestalt principles are still very influential today.
View the Source Field theory (psychology), Wikipedia
School Theories: Field Theory (Psychology), Article textQuote, School Theories: Field Theory (Psychology), Article text
In Gestalt psychology and social psychology, field theory is a theory that examines patterns of interaction between the individual and the total field, or environment.
Kurt Koffka (Wikipedia)
Has Member: Kurt Koffka, LeadQuote, Has Member: Kurt Koffka, Lead
to develop Gestalt psychology
Karl Bühler (Wikipedia)
Has Member: Karl Bühler, LeadQuote, Has Member: Karl Bühler, Lead
he is known for his work in Gestalt psychology
David Katz (psychologist) (Wikipedia)
Has Member: David Katz, LeadQuote, Has Member: David Katz, Lead
specialized in Gestalt psychology and phenomenology
Karl Duncker (Wikipedia)
Has Member: Karl Duncker, LeadQuote, Has Member: Karl Duncker, Lead
was a German Gestalt psychologist
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