Activity theory is an umbrella term for a line of eclectic social-sciences theories and research rooted in the Soviet psychological activity theory pioneered by Sergei Rubinstein in the 1930s and later advocated for and popularized by Alexei Leontev. Its originators sought to understand human activities as systemic and socially situated phenomena, going beyond the earlier paradigms of reflexology, classical conditioning, psychoanalysis and behaviorism. It became one of the major psychological approaches in the former USSR, used in both theoretical and applied psychology and in education, professional training, ergonomics, social psychology and work psychology.
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Central QuestionHow is human consciousness and behavior generated through goal-directed, socially and culturally mediated activity, rather than through isolated internal mental processes? 1 Founded Year Still Active Connections
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Activity theory (AT; Russian: Теория деятельности) is an umbrella term for a line of eclectic social-sciences theories and research with its roots in the Soviet psychological activity theory pioneered by Sergei Rubinstein in the 1930s.
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Leont'ev's formulation of general activity theory is currently a strong influence in post-Soviet developments in AT, which have largely been in social-scientific, organizational, and writing-studies rather than psychological research and organization.
Associated With: Lev Vygotsky, History section
with subsequent development by Alexei Leontev and contributions from Lev Vygotsky
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