Filling Psychology's Empty Branches

Constructivism: knowledge is not received, it is built. The theory that gave this wave its opening request.

Jerome Bruner, who took Piaget and Vygotsky's theory into the classroom as scaffolding and discovery learning.

Educational Psychology, the branch Constructivism and Bruner both now anchor with a real in-branch link.

Leda Cosmides, who with her husband John Tooby founded evolutionary psychology in the pages of The Adapted Mind (1992).

John Tooby, an anthropologist by training, co-founded the Center for Evolutionary Psychology at UC Santa Barbara with Cosmides.

Evolutionary Psychology, the branch Cosmides and Tooby now anchor, and this wave's one documented dissent, over whether its explanations can really be tested.

Coleman Griffith, the father of American sport psychology, sometimes also called the prophet without disciples.

Sport and Exercise Psychology, the branch Griffith anchors, nearly forty years before it became its own recognized field.

Julian Rappaport, who gave community psychology its organizing idea: empowerment.

Community Psychology itself, born at the 1965 Swampscott Conference and now carrying its own founder and a genuine key-debate over what empowerment even means.